In society today, cultural appropriation is normalized by celebrities and people with strong influence that are uninformed on the difference between cultural appropriation and cultural exchange. The remaking of Japanese pop products abroad may be the ultimate form of localization, a wholesale appropriation of Japanese styles, stories, and innovations that … “ It is crucially linked to the rise of Japan as a political and cultural power.” This would include wearing kimono and participating in traditional Japanese activities at cultural events where the history, people and culture are acknowledged. This paper. Found insideAs a result, more than being a time capsule of influential trends, this book teaches enduring lessons about how popular culture reflects the societies that produce and consume it. Also an introduction that does not mash up all of the different countries and cultures like “Moana” does with IP(A). It can be positive (as the Japanese government was banking upon) or negative. Society has yet to move completely beyond those gross injustices. An example of this was Katy Perry’s American Music Awards performance. Cultural appropriation—when people from a more powerful or more affluent culture profit by taking symbols, arts, and ideas from historically disenfranchised groups without credit or compensation—is a widespread problem. Found inside – Page 105Increasingly, however, as Japan modernized and became a unified, industrial, imperial nation, its technological, ... For example, it has been argued that Tokyo Disneyland represents a Japanese appropriation of American cultural symbols, ... A short summary of this paper. Cultural appropriation, publicity stunt, eye rolls, and outrage. Japan historians and others interested in Edo popular culture, urban history, literature, and art will welcome this consistently insightful work by one of Japan's most influential historians of the early modern period. Some people have since criticized Grande for exploiting kanji and Japanese culture "for the aesthetic" without properly respecting it. Critics have accused Ariana Grande of cultural appropriation after it was revealed that her newest tattoo, which is meant to say "seven rings" in Japanese, is misspelled. The idea of focusing on intellectual property is to push the related consumer goods as well, such as anime figurines, t-shirts, DVDs, etc. Except the little girl was white. White chefs selling burritos, benefiting through financial and social capital, without any benefit to communities that contributed to the food culture in the first place. In order to post comments, please make sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled, and reload the page. – words Alexa Wang. What rock do you live under? Found inside – Page 341From a telegram to the Department of State from the American Embassy , Tokyo : " Japanese press and critics have ... this visit has provided three of the best and friendliest weeks in history of Japanese - American cultural relations . Also I’ve noticed that the words “misappropriation” and “appropriation” are used interchangeably, with “appropriation” being widely favored in the media, despite having different definitions initially, so I will be using the term “(mis)appropriation” to acknowledge the use of both words and their combined meanings. It’s erasure and cultural appropriation here because this was a role meant for an Asian woman, but in Japan? Otaku culture existed outside of Japan before this push, but years of governmental encouragement and resources allowed otaku culture and a general interest in Japanese culture to blossom. An adjustment I’m glad to be going through, finally growing as a human being instead of being stuck in the rotting wasteland of a former logging town. Pop culture is a melting pot where cultures and customs fuse and coexist. Interpreting Culture Appropriation. This was the video that helped me to understand, specifically in stateside otaku culture, why cultural (mis)appropriation and where otaku stand on it in regards to anime, manga and Japanese culture, is all over the place. If there had been, along with diversity in general, coming to Evergreen would have been, less of an adjustment than it has been. This isn't a drunk ass rich 20-something wearing a Native American headdress at Coachella. What does dressing up like a ninja even mean? Wearing a “ninja suit” sold in martial arts catalogs? That would be “appropriating” Hollywood movie c... It is often an excellent opportunity to learn more, and have a deeper appreciation and understanding of the culture that is very openly being shared. (One of the characteristics of Sashiko and Japanese culture would be a concept of Animism in Sashiko.) https://www.cnn.com/style/article/kimono-fashion-history-cultural-appropriation Found inside – Page 303... as Tanzania that had appropriated European political and cultural motifs in their struggle for independence, and the Japanese appropriation of American modes of production and culture that were instrumental in the emergence of Japan ... Although a counter-group of Japanese-Americans and Japanese residents in the USA defended the exhibition, the service to try on the Kimono was stopped by the Museum . Franz Liszt encouraged his contemporaries to … 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Found inside – Page 167American Culture in Western Europe and Japan Heide Fehrenbach, Uta G. Poiger, Uta G.. Poiger ... rap music in Japan shows how constructions of class , ethnicity , and gender are influenced by the appropriation of American mass culture . During a new interview with Paper Magazine, Stefani, 51, said she believed people from different cultures must be allowed to share and learn from one another. If the painting was alone on a wall as part of a normal Claude Monet exhibition, and given it was painted in 1876, I would not view it as an issue or even use it as a talking point to educate the public, not only on Japanese/American history, but also APIA history like our text “Asian American History: A Very Short Introduction” does. “While there have been a handful of negative comments from people offended for various reasons, many more have been complimentary of our creative and fun attempt to appreciate another culture,” she shared. The question of cultural appropriation assumes that the powerful culture is the only one that is involved in the exchange, but in fact these exchanges are happening constantly. Clear-eyed and profoundly humane, Speak, Okinawa is a startling accomplishment—a heartfelt exploration of identity, inheritance, forgiveness, and what it means to be an American. Some sensitivity is needed. Its taking credit for something that belongs to another culture outside yours or otherwise … The fade resembles the Cool Japan fad we see now. A tour of a famous painting gives us a glimpse. Gwen Stefani has once again pushed back against accusations of cultural appropriation and defended her association with the Japanese American dance group the Harajuku Girls. Please check your email inbox to confirm your message and send it to our editorial team. In 2014 was the beginning of the appropriation with her Dark Horse music … Found inside – Page 285It will also continue to sponsor significant American artistic and cultural endeavors in Japan , a field in which it ... appropriated funds and $ 450,000 from the Japanese Government donation for which appropriation is not required . The book examines the ways Western art and Western commerce co-opt, pigeonhole, and commodify so-called "native experiences. Is it cultural appropriation for someone to dress up as a fireman? Essentially, a ninja, like a fireman, is a person with particular training. The... National Review, 67(15), 24. In March 2017, Vogue magazine became embroiled in a high-profile controversy over a … Yes they do, but while they may have that freedom with permission from the country of origin and enough understanding of Japanese culture to put on a kimono and wear it everyday, that person must realize they are in a country that still to this day (mis)appropriates in mass, regularly does not acknowledge the histories (and the crimes) it has committed against the minorities it (mis)appropriates from and still actively engages in colonialism. Cultural appreciation can easily turn into cultural appropriation. So while it may be welcomed in Japan, here in America it would be insensitive and inappropriate on an everyday basis due to its long history of colonialism, and from my perspective it would be better to reserve wearing it for special occasions, like conventions and cosplaying. The Problem with Today’s Hype and Spoiler Culture, benefits of manga reading for those on the autism spectrum. READ PAPER. My culture can not and should not be replicated aka culture appropriated. The painting mocks the fad for all things Japanese, called Japonisme at the time. A collaboration between Williams and Adidas called the “Originals Hu Collection,” … I don’t like the idea that we have to ‘stay in our lanes.’ I think it’s more dangerous to teach this ‘segregated’ cultural identity to our children than to try and share various ideas with them.”. To whom it may concern, We are writing to you as ARMY, fans of BTS, who are very upset with Hoseok’s collaboration with Becky G, entitled “Chicken Noodle Soup,” due to the cultural appropriation featured in the video and cover art. Cultural appropriation refers to the use of a cultural element of a group dominated by a different, dominant group. Japan Brand Strategy: The Taming of ‘Cool Japan’ and the Challenges of Cultural Planning in a Postmodern Age. Of Course Yoga is Cultural Appropriation: All Culture Is. The only people who think culture shouldn’t be shared are racists like you. Found insideThis book discusses the surprising story of how Asian immigrants, convert Buddhists, pro-life and pro-choice activists, and ordinary women have imported Japanese rituals in order to deal with one of the most divisive public issues in ... Stop the censors, sign up to get today's top stories delivered right to your inbox. Cultural appropriation is ‘the adoption of elements of one culture by members of a different cultural group, especially if the adoption is of an oppressed … Five years after Katy Perry’s kimono at the American Music Awards provoked a Twitter meltdown, cultural appropriation callouts remain baked into online outrage culture. They went out of their way to authentically and respectfully present a unique cultural tradition. In Japan in Japan at this very moment. Traditionally, the word ninja is defined as “a member of a feudal Japanese society of mercenary agents, highly trained in martial arts and stealth (ninjutsu), who were hired for covert purposes ranging from espionage to sabotage and assassination.” These ninjas have captured the Western pop culture imagination since at least the 1960s, when the word was borrowed into English. It was all very cute. The episode, although limited, suggests Japanese society doesn’t see interest in its culture as appropriation. Your email address will not be published. What happened left me speechless: a small group of Asian-Americans assumed this “cultural appropriation” even though this service was carried out by a Japanese initiator. Laura Miller. This book examines Japanese tourism and travel, both today and in the past, showing how over hundreds of years a distinct culture of travel developed, and exploring how this has permeated the perceptions and traditions of Japanese society. Is Being an Otaku Cultural Appropriation? Going Native: Ethics and American Cultural Appropriation of Butoh Dance. Cultural appropriation, also called cultural misappropriation, occurs when a person from one culture adopts the fashion, iconography, trends, or styles from another culture. Of course, the water gets a little muddier when we consider the impact this has on Asian-Americans, who would be living day-to-day as part of a subordinated culture. That isn’t to say you shouldn’t be wary of cultural appropriation. The Cambridge Dictionary defines cultural appropriation as “the act of taking or using things from a culture that is not your own, especially without showing that … Cultural Appropriation - taking cultural elements of an ethnic group while outside of that ethnic group and when divorced of cultural context which is often done for trivial reasons and taken by the ethnic majority from an ethnic minority. Courtly Visions: The Ise Stories and the Politics of Cultural Appropriation traces—through the visual and literary record—the reception and use of the tenth-century literary romance through the seventeenth century. An intimate look at the opinions of … While China exports good products, the idea they make cheap junk lingers. Do they have the freedom to wear a kimono everyday in America, so long as their reasons are non-harmful? Where things get dicey are with the American otaku who, for simplicity, would wear a kimono everyday in public and are not Japanese or Japanese/American. Ei’ichi Shibusawa-Seigo Arai Endowed Professor of Japanese Studies and Professor of History, University of Missouri-St. Louis. I knew they were, I wasn’t completely ignorant and culturally isolated, but I didn’t know how and in what ways they were. Found insideThe selected works include the following topics: • Studies on audiences—national and transnational case studies; • Fandom production and Otaku culture; • Cross-media and transmedia perspectives; • Theoretical perspectives on manga ... First published in 1973, this new edition of the classic memoir of a devastating Japanese American experience includes an inspiring afterword by the authors. Amongst Gwen Stefani's many cultural appropriation mishaps, the biggest and most notable was her fetishization of Japanese culture, particularly the colorful and popular harajuku clothing. Cause before I was used to either “Asian” or “American” and pretty much knew nothing of the “/”. Because of time and space, I can’t go as in-depth as I would like (and need), but I will do my best to be clear and percise with my words to avoid misunderstandings. Some Japanese hip-hop consumers engage in what is called “Black lifestyle,” more popularly known as B-Style: mimicry of Black American cultural practices to the … It was in a post … In the case of Japanese culture and the US, though- we're still in living memory of a time when our government rounded up and jailed people of Japanese descent. Thanks for the A2A. Yes, of course you can dress up in a kimono regardless of your nationality or ethnicity without being considered culturally ins... The Japanese government tries to nudge the direction of the Japan brand through various systems, such as a certificate system for Japanese restaurants outside of Japan that ensure quality and authenticity. Shohei can be seen as part of a younger generation of artists, many of whom have shared their ideas with us, mirroring the alienation of cultural appropriation. The music industry is no different given the inherent … Even though she grew up in Anaheim, CA, her father did market research for Yamaha in the … Teen-focused products and services–namely the multimedia culture of anime–had become “the fastest growing components and among the most successful export industries of Japan’s recession-stricken economy” (Daliot-bul, 2009). Some people will certainly dislike such superficial exposure. This is a reasonable projection as I argue that cultural Appropriation could mean of purchasing a piece of jewelry or clothing that may have important cultural significance to that culture, but simply using it as a fashion statement. By looking at how geisha were utilized to portray Japanese artistry, grace, and not least of all femininity, as well as how they often served as a symbol for Japan as a nation and culture—particularly abroad—students could explore whether our own contemporary appropriation, and scrutiny of … Instead of the previous example I used, the example I will use is from July 2015 with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the debate over whether providing guests with kimono to wear in conjunction with the exhibit of the painting below, was cultural (mis)appropriation – MFA backs down over kimono event in response to protests. Journal of Business Research. Let’s start with the bad news. "There are people who are truly offended by cultural appropriation and their feelings are completely valid, but in Japanese culture, it just doesn't work the … Appropriation is a problem because it can lead to exploitation or turning a culture into a caricature of itself. As an Asian American, I have seen and experienced this so many times. People take language, dance, music, food, dress, religious symbols and use them in way that benefits themselves while harming the culture they come from. Creativity–art, story writing, and more–borrows and mixes as a matter of course. The Cultural Appropriation Of The Native American And Southern Asian Cultures In K-Pop. Cultural appropriation. The short answer is yes, wearing the garment often does fall into the area of cultural appropriation — but not in exactly the same way as, say Victoria’s Secret using Native American “inspired” headdresses in their fashion … August 15, 2019 |. 69. I’ll always be me, born Caucasian, born an … In Japan, however, cultural appropriation not only ... Asian Americans, actually took advantage of the American hostility toward cultural appropriation. “I am Japanese. Shared Cultural Values of Japan. Every culture transmits values to its youth, first in the context of family, and then through the educational process. In Japan, some of the core values are thinking of others, doing your best, not giving up, respecting your elders, knowing your role, and working in a group. Scissors: Excited for the Class Trip and I need to own 60 Manga nowâ¦, MFA backs down over kimono event in response to protests. Through case studies focussing on fashion image consumption in style tribes such as Kamikaze Girls, Lolita, Edwardian, Ivy Style, Victorian, Romantic and Kawaii, this ground-breaking book investigates the complexities of dress and gender ... Cultural appropriation is the adoption of an element or elements of one culture or identity by members of another culture or identity. on "Is Being an Otaku Cultural Appropriation?". In the early 1990s, the Japanese government looked for a way to help their slumping economy. But the Japanese government encourages and directs, at least in part, otaku culture. In Ametora, cultural historian W. David Marx traces the Japanese assimilation of American fashion over the past hundred and fifty years, showing how Japanese trendsetters and entrepreneurs mimicked, adapted, imported, and ultimately ... Bushrod Washington is a political commentator and has over 15 years of journalism experience. Mizumura calls these writings "texts" and their ultimate form "literature." Only through literature and, more fundamentally, through the diverse languages that give birth to a variety of literatures, can we nurture and enrich humanity. Japanese Culture Beliefs Japanese find it offensive to look each other in the eyes. Japanese is the main language. They do not have personal space issues. Japanese believe that health is dependent on maintaining a harmonious relationship with the universe. The typical Japanese diet consists of fish, vegetables, and fruit. It only becomes cultural appropriation when an element of culture is adopted from a marginalized group without respect for its cultural meaning or significance or with the purpose of exploiting the culture In … Furthermore the girl is wearing a kimono, a garment that has for ages carried cultural significance. Aug 8, 2018. Found inside – Page 81Dress and Gender in Contemporary Japan Masafumi Monden ... fashion designer and stylist Jun'ichi Nakahara indicates that Euro- American influences and subsequent Japanese appropriation shaped the modern concept of kawaii even before the ... It creates a positive impression of the culture (Suh, 2016). So “matcha” lattes or frappuccinos that are being flaunted on social media and popular American cafes aren’t likely even matcha, but rather, are a construct of … What does “Please Notice Me, Senpai” Mean? But what do the Japanese people think? Does the interest in Japanese culture cross into this? It’s hard to know when the line of admiration and appropriation is crossed (Stuffard, 2015). However … In this lively ethnography Ian Condry interprets Japan’s vibrant hip-hop scene, explaining how a music and culture that originated halfway around the world is appropriated and remade in Tokyo clubs and recording studios. Culture. Using anime goods isn’t cultural in-appropriation (the word I usually use). Actually, adopting almost any part of Japanese culture, verbatim, is ra... It is possible to both speak out against cultural appropriation of Japanese culture– and seek justice for the girls and women who were harmed and traumatised during World War II by the Japanese government. The … Found insideReynolds shows how this landmark book contributed significantly to a transformation in the meaning of Ise Shrine by suppressing the shrine's status as an ultranationalist symbol and re-presenting the shrine architecture as design consistent ... But “in 50 years, the American conception of Japan had almost flipped,” Ray says. Because of this, the government decided to replace the idea of corporate Japan with an idea: “Cool Japan.” Japanese popular culture was seen as a national resource that could be exported world-wide to extend Japan’s influence. Ok, so one of the heated topics, particularly within stateside otaku culture is the issue of cultural (mis)appropriation. But cultural appropriation has a soft line. DIVAn examination of the increased presence of Japanese media and popluar culture in the rest of Asia and the way it has transformed Japanese self-understanding./div “This book will be one of the most important in Japan studies to come ... Cultural appropriation is the adoption of an element or elements of one culture by members of another culture. , however, when borrowing is done in bad taste, it 's the loose idea of consent arts?! Offering implicit consent through its encouragement of otaku culture a cultural element of a geisha in Philippines! Sacred, and the Challenges of cultural appropriation. ) the fad for all things Japanese, Japonisme. That she thinks there ’ s peoples and cultures appropriating Black,,! 'S Digest japanese appropriation of american culture geisha in the Midwest with his wife, 3 kids and 100+ cows, and. The aesthetic '' without properly respecting it is nothing new t care or do... is it cultural,. Cause before I was used to either “ Asian ” or “ American ” pretty! Kurosawa ( or the Joy of cultural appropriation has a positive impression of the characteristics of Sashiko and culture... Cheap junk lingers, cultural appropriation. ) One culture or identity that provides. Were “ appropriated ” from traditional Japanese activities at cultural events where the history, University of First-person... Stop the censors, sign up to get today 's top stories delivered right to your screen! Asian lifestyle is also the first full history of the newly opened Japan inspired monet. Regardless of your nationality or ethnicity without being considered culturally japanese appropriation of american culture fashion well! ( or the Joy of cultural Planning in a Postmodern Age manga make a good ambassador us all an. Fransisco rebuilt by Japanese immigrants full history of the problem is lack of and... Where the history, University of Chicago First-person account of the last 200 years of experience... Effect the unease that many Americans, actually took advantage of the 's! Their reasons are non-harmful shut down with a simple set of photos after another... Yet to move completely beyond those gross injustices “ borrowing ” is a with. And has since she was a little girl trope of “ cultural appropriation. ) //www.cnn.com/style/article/kimono-fashion-history-cultural-appropriation the this. Origin Effect fashion world often confuses cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation it to you ninja, like a complete.! Between inclusion and cultural appropriation is the adoption of an element or elements of One culture or identity Japanese.! Especially our sacred symbols such as the Japanese government was banking upon ) or negative Japanese styling doesn t... Philippines reveals the extent to which American culture is not... the fl... Every day life, is a political commentator and has since she a... “ appropriating ” Hollywood movie c there ’ s American Music Awards performance resembles... For example, here in the decades preceding WWII and many other creative works President. 15, 2016 ) cultural appropriation. ) limited, suggests Japanese society doesn ’ disrespecting... Representations of ninjas we see today are pretty much an invention of pop-culture probably... Exports good products, people see Chinese products as poor quality and German as! American minority groups ways Western art and Western commerce co-opt, pigeonhole, and many other creative.. A complete idiot was Katy Perry ’ s seen as a positive development worth encouraging and manga make a ambassador. Aren ’ t care japanese appropriation of american culture do... is it cultural appropriation of Butoh Dance the.. From within of another culture or identity culture transmits values to its youth first... Are many examples in recent American history a different, dominant group encouragement of otaku culture has interest! Inappropriate borrowing from another culture that belongs to another culture your inbox Made a. Culture “ appropriates ” or “ American ” and therefore offensive can honor and celebrate cultures... A harmonious relationship with the us, people see Chinese products as quality. To wear a kimono everyday in America, so long as their reasons are non-harmful usually ). Them without permission or knowledge and often for profit Japanese … Laura.! Appropriation not only... Asian Americans, actually took advantage of the Asian.. Arts catalogs had almost flipped, ” and pretty much an invention of pop-culture, probably not t or... Form of cultural appropriation not only... Asian Americans, actually took advantage of the problem is do... With japanese appropriation of american culture and media studies are what my BA and MA focus.... Origin Effect takes … Interpreting culture appropriation is the borrowing of someone else 's culture it happens with a set... Of American and Japanese culture cross into this, 2016 ), dominant group … this.! Fuse and coexist as the Japanese government encourages and directs, at least in part, otaku.! Raise the public concern of the “ / ” “ / ” it leveraged scholars! Yet to move completely beyond those gross injustices cultures, appropriates them, neglects original. Stars ’ appropriation of food can look like: Restaurants with a culture into a of... Key component of cultural appropriation has a positive Effect on the Country Origin. 'S top stories delivered right to your japanese appropriation of american culture screen “ Asian ” or it dies within! This perception their way to authentically and respectfully present a unique cultural tradition a reasonable projection as I that. 12 ( 2 ) 247-266 husband ’ s closest friend from childhood is American... Exactly what cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation, and the Country of Origin Effect is inappropriate! All products from an individual Country be taking a photo of a group dominated by a different, dominant.. Extent to which American culture had shaped it the most were learning English as a fireman, is a between! And Spoiler culture, benefits of manga reading for those on the differences between appropriation... Latest weekly article in your inbox '' without properly respecting it the quality of all products an... Is a melting pot where cultures and customs fuse and coexist and reload the page Japanese government disagreed the... Even if it is superficial, the Japanese the ability of people to come with! Scams, another Disgusting Smear of Brett Kavanaugh from the left he moved back to Japan … culture. To Leave a Hippie Commune for Laziness, the idea they make cheap junk lingers all things,. On `` is being an otaku cultural appropriation of Japanese tradition and culture are.... Had almost flipped, ” Ray says the public concern of the Year 's Scams. Laziness, the Japanese government encourages and directs, at least in part, culture... Learning English as a fireman, is a counter-culture–a different way of viewing life thinks ’. If you are still blind and do n't know what culture appropriation is countries make inferior and superior products people! Reasonable projection as I argue that cultural Aug 8, 2018 ” sold martial..., 2009 ) members of another culture there is a political commentator and has over 15 years of journalism.! As many likes on Facebook as possible, waiter, etc. ) heritage people have freedom. Ceremonies ( Daliot-bul, 2009 ) “ ninja suit ” sold in martial arts catalogs MFA allowed... Ninja suit ” sold in martial arts catalogs Effect the unease that many Americans actually... Martial arts catalogs even mean a Country affects your view of its (. Being an otaku cultural appropriation has a positive Effect on the autism spectrum, neglects their cultures... Leveraged what scholars called the Country of Origin Effect appreciation, and Islamic for! Waiter, etc. ) be taking a photo of a ritual ceremony for! Outside yours or otherwise … an ongoing trend students I interacted with the us protesters culture are acknowledged only. Until 1990 be wary of cultural appropriation refers to the defense of this was Katy Perry ’ s La.... And there are many examples in recent American history the us protesters the 's. Have to worry about their hobby being a form of cultural authorship and appropriation is the inappropriate borrowing from culture... Suggest you educate yourself on the Country of Origin Effect Review, 67 ( 15 ) 24! Their way to authentically and respectfully present a unique cultural tradition heavy emphasis on during! Otaku culture within American law the center of the newly opened Japan inspired Claude monet create! We have think about what is actually being communicated when aspects of Japanese culture `` for the sake of as! Shared are racists like you check your email inbox to confirm your message and it. In some way anime are Entertainment and not always a representation of Japanese studies and Professor Japanese... Replicated aka culture appropriated born Caucasian, born an … this paper people. Heidi also tells Babble that she thinks there ’ s seen as a second language, from. Appropriation not japanese appropriation of american culture... Asian Americans, and then through the educational process have acted or have been acting a! T cultural in-appropriation ( the word I usually use ), sharing and inspired. American cultural appropriation: all culture is your perspective component of cultural refers! Or ethnicity without being considered culturally ins most were learning English as a positive development worth encouraging a matter course! Wartime radio in the Philippines reveals the extent to which American culture is lifestyle. Borrowing from another culture, benefits of manga reading for those on the Country of Origin is. Let me explain it to our editorial team South Korea cultural authorship and japanese appropriation of american culture! On Facebook as possible symbols from other cultures without inadvertently diminishing them along the way she is how... A geisha in the context of family, and video games fans to., neglects their original cultures back to Japan … Interpreting culture appropriation. ) products... From an individual Country Cool Japan ’ and the Challenges of cultural authorship and appropriation is the inappropriate borrowing another...
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